Introduction Adropping funneloraddition funnelis a type oflaboratory glasswareused to transferliquids. They are fitted with astopcockwhich allows the flow to be controlled. Dropping funnels are useful for addingreagentsslowly, i.e. drop-wise. This is desirable when the quick addition of the reagent results in side reactions, or...
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Introduction Commonly used in chemistry for reflux applications, such as Sechelt extraction; provides efficient cooling and condensation; ideal for food, pharmaceutical, and environmental industries; can be used to extract essential oils from plants, determine crude fat content, conduct laboratory-scale refluxing, perform continuous solid extraction...
Introduction prevents internal short-circuiting of electrons. Internal short-circuiting implies the movement of electrons from the anode to cathode through the electrolyte, which dissipates the chemical energy without providing electrical potential in the external circuit. When the electrolyte is solid, it simultaneously functions as a...
Introduction Vapor that passes the thermometer condenses in the condenser, a double-walled tube that is cooled by water flowing through the outer layer, and drips into the receiver. Before moving on, let us look at benefits and drawbacks to a simple distillation versus a...
Introduction Pyrex(trademarkedasPYREXandpyrex) is abrandintroduced byCorning Inc.in 1915, initially for a line of clear, low-thermal-expansionborosilicate glassused forlaboratory glasswareandkitchenware. It was later expanded in the 1930s to include kitchenware products made ofsoda–lime glassand other materials.Its name has become famous for making rectangular glass roasters. In 1998,...
Introduction Lab glass separatory funnels is a variety of equipment used in scientific work, traditionally made of glass. Glass may be blown, bent, cut, molded, or formed into many sizes and shapes. It is commonly used in chemistry, biology, and analytical laboratories. Optimization of...
Introduction Cleaning agent, lubricant and chlorinated paraffin-containing lubricants for degreasing and cleaning; especially effective for difficult-to-clean high-viscosity metal processing oils. Chlorinated paraffin, colorless and transparent (first grade), has low concentration, comprehensive use, fast oiling speed and good oil removal effect. Stainless steel chemicals:...
Introduction 4-nitrophthalic naphthalic anhydride is used in dyes and pigments. It is also used in agrochemical, pharmaceutical. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. 1....
Introduction Kaolinite(/ˈkeɪ.ələˌnaɪt,-lɪ-/KAY-ə-lə-nyte, -lih-; also calledkaolin)is aclay mineral, with the chemical compositionAl2Si2O5(OH)4. It is a layeredsilicate mineral, with onetetrahedralsheet of silica (SiO4) linked throughoxygenatomsto oneoctahedralsheet ofalumina(AlO6). Kaolinite is a soft, earthy, usually white, mineral (dioctahedral phyllosilicateclay), produced by the chemical weathering ofaluminium silicateminerals likefeldspar. It...
Introduction Fluoxetineis aselective serotonin reuptake inhibitor(SSRI) antidepressant. Fluoxetine inhibits the uptake of serotonin by a nerve cells (neurons) and helps people with depression, panic, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Fluoxetine is a prescription medicine used to treatmajor depressive disorder, bulimia nervosa (an eating disorder),obsessive-compulsive disorder,...
Introduction Hexanenitrilebelongs to the class of organic compounds known as nitriles. Nitriles are compounds having the structure RC#N; thus C-substituted derivatives of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on hexanenitrile. 1. Atmospheric chemistry of Hexanenitrile: Kinetics...
Introduction Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a popular, widely-used polymer consisting of repeated ethylene glycol units (Wang et al., 2022). Due to its versatility, tunable properties and well-established safety profile, it plays an important role in various fields (Jafarpour, Fathi, & Soltanizadeh, 2023) as...
Introduction We start with an introduction to the Reflux Condensers 15mm : commonly used in chemistry for reflux applications, such as Sechelt extraction; provides efficient cooling and condensation; ideal for food, pharmaceutical, and environmental industries; can be used to extract essential oils from plants,...
Introduction In the present era, the shortage of energy and pollution of the environment become more and more serious with the development of society. Confronting the urgent problems of environmental pollution and resource exhaustion, the development of an alternate, sustainable ,and clean energy technology...
Introduction 1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid 5 (ACC) is a disubstituted cyclic α-amino acidin which acyclopropanering is fused to the Cαatom of the amino acid. It is a white solid. Many cyclopropane-substituted amino acids are known, but this one occurs naturally.Like glycine, but unlike most α-amino...
Introduction Round Bottom Flasks 2000ml are spherical flasks, made of borosilicate glass (or rarer PTFE), with one or more ground glass joint necks. Usually, the main neck has a larger diameter than the other necks, though flasks with equal-diameter necks exist. The size of...
Introduction Bromocresol green(BCG) is a dye of thetriphenylmethanefamily (triarylmethane dyes). It belongs to a class of dyes called sulfonephthaleins. It is used as a pH indicator in applications such as growth mediums for microorganisms and titrations. In clinical practice, it is commonly used as...
Introduction In a dry 2-l. three-necked, round-bottomed flask, fitted with a liquid-sealed stirrer, a 500-cc. dropping funnel, and an efficient reflux condenser protected at the top with a calcium chloride tube, is placed 400 cc. of absolute alcohol. Through the condenser tube is added...
Introduction Dipropylene glycol (DPG) is a low molecular weight diol, belonging to the propylene glycol family of chemical compounds. It is a clear, viscous, colorless liquid with a slightly bittersweet taste and low vapor pressure. DPG is primarily produced as a co-product during the...
Introduction of Sandalwood Sandalwood is an evergreen tree native to India and Indonesia and grows to 8 to 12 m in height and 2.5 m in girth. The bark is smooth and gray-brown in color, and the small flowers have numerous short stalks. Read...
Introduction Methyl dihydrojasmonate:is anaroma compoundthat smells similar tojasmine. Inracemic mixturesthe odor is floral andcitruswhile epimerized mixtures exhibit a dense buttery-floral odor with odor recognition thresholds of 15 parts per billion.The compound is also known ashedioneorkharismal. Its boiling point is 110°C at 0.2 mmHg and...
Introduction (International Nomenclature for Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) name) (1-(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-ottaidro-2,3,8,8,-tetrametil-2-naftil)etan-1-one) is a syntheticketonefragrance also known asOTNE(octahydrotetramethyl acetophenone) and by other commercial trade names such as:Iso E Super, Iso Gamma Super, Anthamber, Amber Fleur, Boisvelone, Iso Ambois, Amberlan, Iso Velvetone, Orbitone, Amberonne. It is a synthetic...
Introduction Rust Prevention Oil, also referred to as anti-rust or rust inhibitor oil, serves as a coating or lubricant specifically created to thwart rust formation on metal surfaces. Its primary purpose is to safeguard tools, machinery, firearms, automotive parts, and other metal objects from...
Manufacturing plants, warehouses, distribution centres, and other industrial spaces are all built on top of industrial flooring. It is essential to providing a secure, long-lasting, and effective working environment. Working with a reputable and skilled contractor is crucial for achieving high-quality industrial flooring. The...
Any interior design must include flooring since it gives a room usability, durability, and aesthetic appeal. Epoxy flooring has significantly increased in popularity in Pakistan over the past few years as a result of its adaptability, toughness, and flawless finish. However, it’s important to...
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